1. Types of tower internals: mainly including liquid distributors, packing fastening devices (packing towers), packing support devices (packing towers), collection tanks (plate towers), tray support devices (plate towers), liquid redistributors and inlet/outlet devices, gas feeding and distribution devices, and demisters. 2. Gas and liquid distributors, collectors: 1) Trough type liquid distributor: It is a liquid distributor with excellent comprehensive performance. The trough type liquid distributor has the advantages of easy installation, uniform liquid distribution, high spray point density, and extremely low pressure drop, and is currently widely used. 2) Tray type gas-liquid distributor: The tray type gas-liquid distributor combines the functions of liquid collector, liquid distributor, and gas distributor, and has the advantages of low space occupation, strong anti clogging ability, no liquid foam entrainment, high operational flexibility, and pressure reduction. 3) Shield type liquid collector: A shield type liquid collector is a device placed under the packing layer to collect liquids that have not reached the required distribution uniformity inside the tower, for redistribution or side line extraction. Does not affect the uniformity of gas distribution, has a small pressure drop, and can be ignored. 3. Demister: The demister is installed before the gas outlet at the top of the tower to separate the liquid droplets carried in the tower gas, reducing material loss and harmful components carried in the exhaust gas, thereby avoiding environmental pollution. 1) Structural composition: mainly composed of wire mesh, wire mesh grid, wire mesh blocks, and supporting devices for fixing the wire mesh blocks. The wire mesh is a gas-liquid filter screen made of various materials, which is composed of metal or non-metal wires. This wire mesh demister can not only filter out larger liquid droplets suspended in the airflow, but also filter out smaller and smaller liquid droplets, and is widely used in gas-liquid separation devices in industries such as chemical, petroleum, tower manufacturing, and pressure vessels. 2) Main principle: The gas is filtered through a wire mesh woven with fine filaments in the demister, which can remove the entrained mist. 3) Main type: Drawer type demister adopts HG and T21586-98 standards, which is composed of several wire mesh demister components inserted into the tower body through guide rails. The characteristics of this demister are operation and maintenance, and the demister components can be replaced outside the tower. It is suitable for absorption towers and drying towers in sulfuric acid plants. 4) Material: The wire mesh demister can be made of high-quality materials imported from China. 4 Tower Packing: Packing is a mass transfer element installed inside the packing tower, mainly used to expand the contact area between the liquid and gas phases and improve the separation efficiency of the tower as an important internal equipment. There are two main types of commonly used fillers: random packing and regular packing. 1) The basic idea for designing structural types and specifications is to promote the continuous improvement of separation efficiency, improve the contact and uniform distribution of fluids (liquid phase and gas phase) inside the tower; Gradually expanding its throughput capacity to improve its production capacity, in order to meet the needs of industrial production. The correct selection of packing materials is of great significance for improving and enhancing the operational efficiency and economic benefits of the tower. 2) Basic requirements for packing: high mass transfer efficiency, requiring the packing to provide a large gas-liquid contact surface. It is required to have a large specific surface area and the filler surface should be easily wetted by liquids. Only the wetted surface is the gas-liquid contact surface. High production capacity and low gas pressure drop. Therefore, it is required that the porosity of the filling layer be high. Not easy to cause bias and gully flow. Durable with good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and necessary heat resistance. Easy to source materials and affordable prices. Regular packing is a packing material arranged and neatly stacked in a uniform geometric shape inside the tower. Characteristics: It can achieve the minimum pressure drop for each theoretical stage, thus reducing the temperature of the bottom material and saving energy. It is particularly suitable for multi-stage separation and separation of thermosensitive systems. High separation efficiency, low resistance, high flux, high operational flexibility, and insignificant amplification effect. At the same time, it can overcome the random flow of liquid in scattered packing materials, making the liquid tend to be evenly distributed. Practice has proven that regular packing has been successfully applied in large towers. Types: Regular packing includes metal perforated plates, metal perforated plates, metal mesh (mesh), metal wire mesh, plastic perforated plates, grilles (grid), and other types.